These are the processes that must be running for Windows to function properly. Killing any of these will stop Windows from working correctly. Any other process is fair game, however.
explorer.exe (not to be confused with Internet Explorer's iexplore.exe)
csrss.exe
lsass.exe
services.exe
smss.exe
winlogon.exe
alg.exe (added in Service Pack 2)
svchost.exe (depending on your configuration, your computer may have between 4 and 6 copies of this running at the same time)
NOTE: A lot of viruses like to call themselves something very similar to the list above in order to avoid detection. Keep your eyes peeled for camouflaged names like "lssas.exe" or "exp1orer.exe"
FAQ.WinXPRequiredProcesses moved from FAQ.XPRequiredProcesses on 08 Mar 2005 - 11:38 by JeffersonCowart - put it back